Basics

• Renal Anatomy & Physiology (basics)

• Kidney Embryology & Associated Defects (Horseshoe kidney, Urachal defects)

• Urinalysis

• Urine sample

• GU Anatomy in Males (basics)

• Male Reproductive Physiology (basics)

Kidney Injury (Infectious, Non-infectious, Genetic)

<aside> 🥲 in the kidneys NSAIDs can cause:

• open at your own risk </aside>

• UTI ★ & Pyelonephritis

• Acute simple cystitis

• Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) ★

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD & ESRD)

• Cystic Kidney Disease

• Diabetic Nephropathy

• Hypertensive Nephrosclerosis

• Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs; Erythropoietin, Darbepoetin alpha)

• Benign Proteinuria

• Glomerulonephritis (Nephritic & Nephrotic Syndromes) ★

• Tubulointerstitial Disorders